Emerging market economies (EMEs) are constantly exposed to shocks that originate in world capital markets, posing serious challenges to policymakers. By dealing with these shocks —Covid-19 representing the most recent event— several lessons have been learned in terms of the ways they propagate as ...

In March of 2020, international markets seized up with a violence unequaled since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) nearly a dozen years before. As economies around the world locked down in the face of the potentially deadly but completely novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, stock markets fell, firms and governments ...

What is the optimal exchange rate policy? Should exchange rates be optimally pegged, managed, or allowed to freely float? What defines a freely floating exchange rate? Do open economies face a trilemma constraint in choosing between inflation and exchange rate stabilization, unlike divine coincidence ...

Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...

El Banco Central de Chile ha publicado su Memoria Integrada 2020, reporte que detalla los principales hitos financieros, medioambientales, de relación con la comunidad, con sus trabajadores y el aporte que la institución hace al país a través del cumplimiento de su mandato legal, con el foco puesto ...

El año 2022 fue complejo para el Banco Central porque su meta de inflación de 3% se vio absolutamente sobrepasada, lo que obligó a nuestra institución a tomar drásticas decisiones de política monetaria, como parte de un ciclo de alzas que ya había comenzado el año anterior. Entre enero y octubre, la ...

The Central Bank faced multiple challenges in 2021, especially due to the consequences of the worst period of the pandemic, which continued to affect the normal functioning of the economy. The persistence of the health crisis substantially changed the ways in which people, institutions, and the financial ...

Cross-border corporate control is a major facet of globalisation. In roughly one out of four listed controlled companies in 2012, control was exercised by a foreign entity or family/individual. Controlling—and passive—ownership stakes are often hidden in complex structures, involving pyramids and ...

The Covid-19 pandemic triggered the most synchronous economic downturn in more than a century. Ninety percent of countries posted a decline in real per-capita GDP in 2020, a share that surpassed any other year since 1900, which includes two world wars and the Great Depression of the 1930s.1 The health ...

Among the factors behind international spillovers, U.S. monetary policy developments retain a major influence. Such developments drive the global financial cycle as strongly demonstrated by Rey (2013), Miranda-Agrippino and Rey (2020), Miranda-Agrippino and Rey (2021). The dramatic U.S. monetary ...

A common view held by academics as well as policymakers assigns an important role to global factors as drivers of fluctuations in economic activity in emerging market economies (EMEs). This follows naturally from the fact that these economies are often small and open to trade in global goods and capital ...

Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...

Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...

World commodity prices are known to display long cycles. These cycles have a periodicity of 20 to 30 years and are called commodityprice supercycles. Figure 1 displays the time paths of eleven commodity prices deflated by the U.S. consumer price index over the period 1960 to 2018. All commodity prices ...

The choice of sovereign-debt maturity in countries at risk of default represents a complex set of competing forces. The tradeoffs reflect the underlying frictions present in international sovereign-debt markets. The primary frictions are the lack of state contingency in debt contracts and the inability ...

Policymakers faced with volatile capital flows may desire a method to identify the level of flows likely to persist in the medium run. In a series of papers (Burger, Warnock, and Warnock, henceforth BWW, 2018, 2022), we have developed an estimate of the natural or equilibrium level of capital flows ...

A central focus of monetary policy is the underlying rate of inflation that might be expected to prevail over a horizon of one or two years. Because inflation is estimated from noisy data, the estimation of this underlying rate of inflation, which we refer to as trend inflation, requires statistical ...

For decades, textbooks have explained inflation behavior with Friedman (1968)’s Phillips curve: the inflation rate depends on expected inflation and the deviation of unemployment from its natural rate. Yet this theory has always been controversial, and skepticism has been rampant in the decade ...

This paper surveys and modestly extends the theory of menu-cost models of the behavior of the aggregate price level after large-cost shocks. It does so in the context of an economy with a high underlying rate of inflation. It concentrates on the effect of large permanent and unexpected increases ...

The Phillips curve—the relationship between price inflation and fluctuations in economic activity— is a central building block of economic models that allow for nominal rigidities and are relied upon by central banks around the world to gauge cyclical inflationary pressures and forecast inflation. ...