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Riding the roller coaster: fiscal policies of nonrenewable resource exporters in Latin America and the Caribbean
In the last decade the prices of nonrenewable resources which constitute a critical source of fiscal revenue in many Latin American and Caribbean countries recorded sharp swings correlated with economic growth developments in the world and in the region. Similar episodes in the past led to boom and ...
Fifteen years of new growth economics: what have we learned?
Paul Romer’s paper, “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” is now fifteen years old. This pathbreaking contribution led to a resurgence in research on economic growth. The resulting literature has in had a number of important impacts. In particular, it shifted the research focus of macroeconomists. ...
Inflation targeting versus price-path targeting: looking for improvements
The world’s central banks have undergone dramatic changes in the past fifteen years. Increases in independence and transparency have been coupled with a shift in focus. Price stability is now the paramount objective for the vast majority of modern central bankers. Combined, these changes in central ...
Do depositors punish banks for bad behavior? market discipline, deposit insurance, and banking crises
Over the last two decades, both developed and developing countries have endured severe banking crises. The U.S. savings and loans (S&Ls) debacle in the 1980s, the chilean banking crisis in the 1980s, the Argentine and Mexsican crises in the mid-1980s and 1990s, as well as the recent financial turmoil ...
Crises in emerging market economies: a global perspective
It is now more than ten years since the “first crisis of the twentyfirst century,” as Michel Camdessus, the former managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), called Mexico’s 1994–95 tequila crisis. The event is important not because it signaled a new environment (the tequila crisis ...
Liquidity and foreing asset management challenges for Latin America countries
The Global Financial Crisis put to the fore the challenges of managing liquidity and foreign assets at times of heightened volatility. Earlier concerns of some observers regarding the costs of precautionary hoarding notwithstanding the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) validated the buffer value of ...
Why are capital flows so much more volatile in emerging than in developed countries?
One of the most studied subjects in open macroeconomics is what determines capital flows. In general, most papers are concerned with estimating the following regression. where the left-hand side is some measurement of capital flows, either as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) or as changes, ...
Targeting inflation in an economy with staggered price setting
After experiencing high and persistent inflation rates in the 1970s and early 1980s, most industrialized economies entered the new century with a sustained record of flow, stable inflation rates. Many commentators attribute the new environment to good luck, in the form of no major supply shocks (at ...
Inflation targeting in Brazil: shocks, backward-looking prices, and IMF conditionality
In mid-January 1990, Brazil abandoned its crawling exchange rate band. Surprisingly enough, the country's economic performance in the aftermath of this episode was much better than expected, given the performance of other emerging market economies after a move toward floating. Despite the large ...
International aspects of the zero lower bound constraint
Large negative aggregate demand shocks can drive down an economy’s equilibrium real interest rate and if the central bank is committed to stabilizing inflation monetary policy may be hampered by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates –the economy may be in a 'liquidity trap.' The policy dilemma ...