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Fiscal inflation and cosmetic defaults in a small open economy
For a small open economy, maintaining a stable exchange rate and moderate levels of inflation is often a goal of primary importance. At the same time, the profession has recognized the tight link between fiscal and monetary policies in determining...
Inflation globally
The fortunes of the Phillips curve have ebbed and flowed ever
since it was proposed by Phillips (1958). Although its origins are
primarily as an empirical regularity, there is now a vast literature
that provides more formal justification. In recent times, the Great
Moderation and the modern era ...
Under what conditions can inflation targeting be adopted? The experience of emerging markets
Inflation targeting has become an increasingly popular monetary policy strategy, with 21 countries (8 industrial and 13 emerging market economies) targeting inflation and others considering following in their footsteps. Numerous studies of inflation targeting in industrial countries have been conducted, ...
New frontiers for menetary policy in Chile
Inflation targeting can be broadly defined as a framework for the conduct of MONETARY POLICY in which the central bank guides its instruments in order to hold inflation near a preannounced target or to bring back to the target. Although understanding the framework is straightfoward, its practical ...
The relationship between exchange rates and inflation targeting revisited
For decades, the exchange rate was at the center of macroeconomic policy debates in emerging markets. Many countries used the nominal exchange rate to bring down inflation, –others—mostly in Latin America—used the exchange rate to implicitly tax the export sector. Currency crises were common and usually ...
Lessons from inflation targeting in New Zealand
The number of central banks that have adopted formal inflation targeting regimes expanded over the past decade from only one to eight. The number increases even further when central banks that set policy consistent with a formal inflation target are included. Commesurate with the formal or informal ...
Comfort in floating: taking stock of twenty years of freely floating exchange rate in Chile
Chile offers an example of a country that has overcome the fear of floating by reducing balance-sheet mismatches; enhancing financial-market development; and improving monetary, fiscal, and political institutions; while strengthening policy...
International aspects of the zero lower bound constraint
Large negative aggregate demand shocks can drive down an economy’s equilibrium real interest rate and if the central bank is committed to stabilizing inflation monetary policy may be hampered by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates –the economy may be in a 'liquidity trap.' The policy dilemma ...
Changing inflation dynamics, evolving monetary policy
Empirical models have failed to explain inflation behavior over the last 20 years in most developed economies. The unusual inflation dynamics—the ‘missing deflation’ during recessions and the ‘missing inflation’ during recoveries—points to a failure of Phillips curve predictions. Several hypotheses ...
Monetary policy and key unobservables: evidence from large industrial and selected inflation-targeting countries
In recent years, the design of monetary policy has focused on gaps—the output gap, the interest rate gap, and the unemployment rate gap have all played a role in policy discussions. Standard models used for policy analysis are either specified in terms of such gaps or imply important roles for these ...