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The sources of economic growth: an overview
The importance of economic growth cannot be overstated. Income growth is ssential for achieving economic, social, and even political development. Countries that grow strongly and for sustained periods of time are able to reduce their poverty levels significantly, strengthen their democratic and political ...
Cointegración estacional en la demanda por dinero
Las estimaciones tradicionales de la demanda de dinero presentan problemas característicos: inestabilidad de los parámetros estimados, inconsistencia con los modelos teóricos y baja capacidad predictiva (Goldfeld y Sichel, 1990). Este trabajo explora en qué medida un tratamiento inadecuado de los ...
Inflation targeting and the anchoring of inflation expectations in the Western hemisphere
Many central banks have adopted a formal inflation-targeting framework based on the belief and the theoretical predictions that an explicit and clearly communicated numerical objective for the level of inflation over a specified period would, in itself, be a strong communication device that would help ...
Procyclicality of fiscal policy in emerging countries: the cycle is the trend
Economic research on fiscal policy has shown that while developed economies tend to run countercyclical fiscal policies Latin American countries have been characterized by procyclical policies. One of the explanations given to this phenomenon is that high external debt causes severe constraints on the ...
Fiscal multipliers and policy coordination
This paper is about an economy in a liquidity trap that is an environment with a zero nominal interest rate deflationary pressures and subpar growth. The paper shows two fiscal policy multipliers in a relatively standard New Keynesian liquidity trap economy with taxation costs. It computes real ...
Global imbalances and external adjustment after the crisis
Over five years have passed since the most intense phase of the global financial crisis. As has been widely documented the pre-crisis period was characterized by increased dispersion in current account deficits and surpluses facilitated by a benign global financial environment characterized by low ...
Adapting macroprudential policies to global liquidity conditions
The global financial crisis that erupted in 2007 has had intellectual repercussions as well as large economic costs. Recent events in the advanced economies especially the capital flow reversals and the looming banking sector crises in Europe have shaken the conviction that traditional yardsticks of ...
A decade of debt
Public debts in the advanced economies have surged in recent years to levels that have not been recorded since the end of World War II. Through 2010 the average public debt/GDP ratio for all the advanced economies has surpassed the pre-World War II peaks reached during the World War I and subsequently ...
Anchors aweigh: how fiscal policy can undermine 'good' monetary policy
Policymakers have long understood that if fiscal policy runs amuck and monetary policy is forced to raise seigniorage revenues big inflations result. Latin American policymakers understand this outcome better than most. This message is implicit in Cagan’s (1956) initial study of hyperinflation and the ...
Why do countries have fiscal rules?
Las reformas a las instituciones fiscales y las reglas fiscales persiguen diversos objetivos: fortalecer la solvencia y la sostenibilidad fiscal contribuir a la estabilización macroeconómica y estimular la resiliencia frente a la corrupción estatal y el cabildeo del sector privado. Estos objectivos ...