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Monetary policy: rules and transmission mechanisms
Monetary policy must consider the bidirectional relationship between the economy and its central bank. It should therefore address two essential questions: first, how changes in the economy induce a reaction by the central bank, and second, how these policy changes are in turn transmitted to the ...
Inflation targeting: design, performance, challenges
Inflation rates fell markedly around the world during the last decade of twentieth century. This was the result of a profound change in the conduct of monetary policy, clearly driven by the strong, anti-inflationary stance adopted by central banks in industrial and developing countries. The central ...
Monetary policy under inflation targeting
Inflation targeting cum exchange-rate floating has become the framework of choice in countries pursuing an independent and effective monetary policy. Since its adoption by New Zealand (1990) and Chile (1991), central banks of nearly 25 industrial and emerging economies have implemented an explicit ...
Banking, financial integration, and international crises
During the past decade has enhanced market discipline but also caused greater strain in many emerging market economies' financial sectors, especially their banking systems. The potential benefits of financial integration, although large in the long run, may be outweighed in the short run if the ...
Current account and external financing
Are international capital markets a source of stable and reliable financing for emerging market economies, or a source of instability? Is the pattern of capital flows from poor to rich countries observed in the past decade sustainable? What is the optimal degree of capital account openness both for ...
Labor markets and institutions
The importance of the labor market is indisputable. The countries' economic outcomes rely to a significant extent on its performance, as production, economic growth, and prices are all intimately linked with it. Moreover, the functioning of the labor market is a key determinant of social welfare. ...