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Competition and stability in banking
Banking went from being one of the most regulated sectors in the economy after the crisis in the 1930s to a more lightly regulated sector with the liberalization process that started in the 1970s in the United States. The previous period was marked by few crises with much more instability in the second ...
Interest rate policies banking and the macroeconomy
The debate over the effectiveness of monetary policy often centers around the benefits of low interest rates as a stimulus for the real economy. The idea is that low interest rates encourage spending either in the form of consumption or investment and this promotes employment and production. The ...
Fiscal multipliers and policy coordination
This paper is about an economy in a liquidity trap that is an environment with a zero nominal interest rate deflationary pressures and subpar growth. The paper shows two fiscal policy multipliers in a relatively standard New Keynesian liquidity trap economy with taxation costs. It computes real ...
The great recession and the great depression: reflections and lessons
My Economics Department colleagues are fond of telling me that as an economic historian I have the advantage that I don’t have to update my lectures in response to events. My history lectures don’t become outdated as quickly as their lectures on say the Great Moderation. The fallacy of this view is ...
Making hard choices: trilemmas and dilemmas of macroeconomic policy in Latin America
Este artículo determina la linealidad del trilema de política macroeconómica para Colombia, Chile, México y Perú. El rol del crecimiento del crédito es considerado explícitamente con el fin de examinar la hipótesis alternativa de un dilema de política generado por la presencia de ciclos financieros ...
A prize worth having: the IMF and price stability
It is always a pleasure to be in Santiago and I am especially pleased to be able to join you at this annual conference which in its nine years has established a high reputation for the quality of the papers and the discussion. This year’s conference is focusing on the subject of inflation targeting. ...
Endogenous exchange-rate pass-through and self-validating exchange rate regimes
A long-standing question in open macroeconomics concerns the choice of currency denomination of nominal prices and contracts. A firm serving the export market may choose to set prices in its domestic currency in the currency of the market of destination or in a vehicle currency possibly indexing these ...