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Monetary policy and financial stability: transmission mechanisms and policy implications: an overview
Financial stability understood as a situation when the financial system smoothly performs its function of allocating capital and adverse shocks are unlikely to be amplified has been for long a key concern for policymakers and in particular for monetary authorities. However until 10 years ago most ...
The fiscal footprint of macroprudential policy
, and this creates seignorage revenues. Inflation unexpectedly rises and this lowers the real value of public debt. Rolling over this debt is cheaper as the price of newly issued debt rises. And finally, economic activity rises, so tax revenues increase and social...
Independence, credibility, and communication of central banking: an overview
. Whether during the Global Financial Crisis, through individual country slumps, or at the trough of the pandemic recession, independent central banks were typically part of the solution rather than part of the problem. Attacks on the independence of a...
Monetary policy thorugh asset markets: lessons from unconventional measures and implications for an integrated world
The global financial crisis of 2008 and its aftermath have brought many new challenges for the world’s central banks. These new challenges have in turn resulted in bold experimentation—not simply particularly vigorous use of traditional policy tools but also the use of new tools or if not entirely new ...
Monetary policy and global spillovers: mechanisms effects and policy measures: an overview
The global economy of today 'is a small world after all.' The high degree of international trade integration and financial interconnectedness has created tight linkages across most countries even between countries that may be very distant geographically or that may not have significant trade or financial ...
Risks to central-bank independence
their power or remit. These include everything from enhanced financial regulation to quasi-fiscal policy to mitigating economic inequality. Some recent populist proposals appear to be based on the presumption that central banks can issue large quantities...
Monetary policy under financial turbulence: an overview
The financial crisis that started in 2007 brought the global economy to the brink and in many respects it is still unfolding especially in Europe. How to understand and deal with the crisis has naturally been the subject of fierce debates that continue today. However some consensus appears to be ...
Imperfect knowledge and the pitfalls of optimal control monetary policy
Sixty years ago, Milton Friedman questioned the usefulness of the optimal control approach because of policymakers’ imperfect knowledge of the economy and favored instead a simple rule approach to monetary policy (1947, 1948). These are still live issues, despite the development of powerful techniques ...
Monetary policy under uncertainty and learning: an overview
Central bank economists and academic economists conducting research on the design of monetary policy have made significant advances in recent years. This work has led to a clearer understanding of the desirable properties of interest rate rules, the role of announcements and communication, and the ...
Central banks going long
Long-term interest rates have for long played an ambiguous role in the operation of monetary policy. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 that created the Federal Reserve set the monetary policy objective to be: '... to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment stable prices and moderate long-term ...