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The international financial system after Covid-19
In March of 2020, international markets seized up with a violence unequaled since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) nearly a dozen
years before. As economies around the world locked down in the face of the potentially deadly but completely novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, stock markets fell, firms and governments ...
Exchange rate puzzles and policies
What is the optimal exchange rate policy? Should exchange rates be optimally pegged, managed, or allowed to freely float? What defines a freely floating exchange rate? Do open economies face a trilemma constraint in choosing between inflation and exchange rate stabilization, unlike divine coincidence ...
Global drivers and macroeconomic volatility in EMEs: a dynamic-factor, general-equilibrium perspective
A common view held by academics as well as policymakers assigns an important role to global factors as drivers of fluctuations in economic activity in emerging market economies (EMEs). This follows naturally from the fact that these economies are often small and open to trade in global goods and capital ...
How important is the commodity supercycle?
World commodity prices are known to display long cycles. These cycles have a periodicity of 20 to 30 years and are called commodityprice supercycles. Figure 1 displays the time paths of eleven commodity prices deflated by the U.S. consumer price index over the period 1960 to 2018. All commodity prices ...
Sovereign-Debt Crises and Floating-Rate Bonds
The choice of sovereign-debt maturity in countries at risk of default represents a complex set of competing forces. The tradeoffs reflect the underlying frictions present in international sovereign-debt markets. The primary frictions are the lack of state contingency in debt contracts and the inability ...
KFstar and portfolio inflows: a focus on Latin America
Policymakers faced with volatile capital flows may desire a method to identify the level of flows likely to persist in the medium
run. In a series of papers (Burger, Warnock, and Warnock, henceforth BWW, 2018, 2022), we have developed an estimate of the natural or equilibrium level of capital flows ...
The reversal problem: development going backwards
The Covid-19 pandemic triggered the most synchronous economic downturn in more than a century. Ninety percent of countries posted a decline in real per-capita GDP in 2020, a share that surpassed any other year since 1900, which includes two world wars and the Great Depression of the 1930s.1 The health ...
International risk spillovers: implications for emerging markets’ monetary policy frameworks with an application to Chile
Among the factors behind international spillovers, U.S. monetary policy developments retain a major influence. Such developments
drive the global financial cycle as strongly demonstrated by Rey (2013), Miranda-Agrippino and Rey (2020), Miranda-Agrippino and
Rey (2021). The dramatic U.S. monetary ...
Indicadores de comercio exterior, cuarto trimestre 2021
Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...
Indicadores de comercio exterior, tercer trimestre 2021
Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...
Integrated annual report 2022
This was a complex year for the Central Bank. Inflation vastly exceeded our 3% target, which forced our institution to make drastic monetary policy decisions, as part of a cycle of rate increases that began the previous year.
Between January and October, the monetary policy rate (MPR) rose from 4.0% ...