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Indicadores de comercio exterior, Tercer trimestre 2020
Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...
The nonpuzzling behavior of median inflation
For decades, textbooks have explained inflation behavior with
Friedman (1968)’s Phillips curve: the inflation rate depends on
expected inflation and the deviation of unemployment from its natural
rate. Yet this theory has always been controversial, and skepticism
has been rampant in the decade ...
Public trust and central banking
Central bank independence is one of the most remarkable pieces of institutional architecture fostered by economic thinking in the last half century. Theoretical studies in the 1980s stressed central bank independence as a precondition to bringing inflation under lasting control, and support for reform ...
The three E’s of central-bank communication with the public
Central banks used to ask, “Shall we communicate this?” Now, as a rule, they ask, “Why wouldn’t we communicate this?” This
first wave of the revolution in central-bank communication is giving rise to a second wave. The question increasingly is, “How should we communicate this in a way that engages a ...
Central banking with many voices: the communications arms race
The job of central bankers is to use the monetary powers granted to them to promote price stability, sustainable growth, and a stable financial system. They do this in an environment fraught with unavoidable uncertainties. But, in conducting policy, there is one uncertainty that policymakers can and ...
Inflation targeting under political pressure
Historically, many emerging economies, particularly in Latin America, battled against persistently high and volatile inflation. Today, emerging economies continue to experience higher inflation than developed ones, and their central banks deviate more frequently from inflation targets. These patterns ...
Central banking with many voices: the communications arms race
Around the world, most central banks set policy by committee. This is motivated in part by the idea that groups reach better decisions than individuals and in part by a desire for representation of different geographical areas and economic constituencies in policymaking. The Bank for International ...
Indicadores de comercio exterior, Cuarto trimestre 2020
Esta publicación contiene información sobre exportaciones e importaciones totales a nivel de país. Comprende dos partes: en la primera, se presenta un análisis del comportamiento global del comercio exterior, algunos estudios especiales sobre sectores de la producción y el intercambio comercial con ...
The link between labor cost inflation and price inflation in the Euro Area
To gauge inflationary pressures, policymakers generally pay close
attention to labor cost developments. A key reason has been the widely
held view that labor cost inflation (i.e., wage inflation adjusted for
productivity developments) is one of the main causes of price inflation.
From a theoretical ...
Risks to central-bank independence
Central banking today faces a number of existential challenges. On the political side, and particularly after the financial crisis, the public has come to expect central banks to take on a dizzying array of responsibilities, some far beyond their power or remit. These include everything from enhanced ...